“So that's where supplements really play a big role. Now, a lot of times functional foods are the way to incorporate sterols. So spreads, for example, that's probably how most people, at least in the US, may be aware of phytosterols,” said Hewlings, who joined the NutraCast on behalf of The International Plant Sterols and Stanols Association (IPSSA).
Hewlings explained that these naturally occurring compounds are found in plant parts, such as roots, stems and leaves, as well as in fruits and seeds of plants.
“They're predominantly found in vegetable oils, nuts, etc. And interestingly enough, they are recommended. I mean, they're recognized by major health organizations.”
She highlighted the extensive research supporting phytosterols' efficacy, with over 200 randomized controlled trials and numerous meta-analyses demonstrating their ability to lower LDL cholesterol by around 10% in one month when consumed at 2-3 grams per day.
“While the range of the dose range is 2 to 3 grams is usually what you'll see in most of the studies, it's a very, very safe ingredient. So higher doses aren't going to cause any safety problems. And there are some studies out there that have used much higher doses, like as much as even 20 grams, and found it to be safe and effective.”
As with any dietary supplement, Hewlings said marketers have to be careful about how they present the health benefits.
“The FDA has an authorized health claim for phytosterols and stanols as a plant-based solution for cardiovascular risk reduction. If you don't meet the exact criteria for that health claim, which of course you can consult a regulatory professional to see if you meet that, you can say ‘supports heart health’ and you can make general structure/function claims surrounding heart health,” said Hewlings.
To hear more on the research behind plant sterols and the benefits beyond cardiac health, listen to the NutraCast.
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