The firm, which supplies several antioxidant ingredients including a patented whole grape extract branded ORAC-15M, says the debate about the usefulness or otherwise of ORAC values “had an impact from early on in our attempts to market and sell the product due to the vigorous debate within the scientific community”.
Consumers are only just getting their heads around antioxidants
But sales & marketing director Gabrielle Klein adds: “I don’t think this debate [over the difference between what antioxidants do in a test tube vs what they do in the body, or whether the generic term ‘antioxidants’ is actually useful at all] has spilled into the consumer sector just yet.
“Consumers are just now wrapping their heads around antioxidants as a general category so the nuanced discussion is more prevalent in the scientific community and also has an effect on the manufacturing sector in terms of what will sell.”
ORAC useful tool at the start of the process, not an end in itself
She adds: “ORAC is one of many tools that can be used to find the potential in an ingredient but it should not be the sole tool.”
However, she notes, “When compounds with a high ORAC score have been studied in more depth, both in vitro and in vivo, they have proven to have powerful affects in the body. This demonstrates that when used responsibly in conjunction with other means of scientific measurement and validation, ORAC is a very useful tool.
“Another is to look at polyphenolic activity of the ingredient. This gives us additional information about the properties of the substance. All of these marker compounds and measurements will give certain information about the nature of the product and its potential to deliver various benefits throughout the body.
“This information can then be substantiated by doing in vivo clinical work.”
Marketers are manipulating ORAC scores to make ingredients look better
As for suggestions that ORAC is open to abuse, she acknowledges that it has “become confusing as marketers have manipulated the ORAC measurement in order to enhance the look of their product.
“For instance I just read an article stating that a new compound of tea can provide an ORAC score of 1,700,000. I was blown away until I read the fine print of the article stating that this is per 100g.
“ORAC is reported in Trolox Equivalents (TE) per one gram of product tested. Also, it’s not common for a supplement to be consumed in amounts much above 1g. Typically supplements are consumed in mg amounts up to a few grams, depending on the compound."
What is ORAC?
An ORAC (oxygen radical absorbance capacity) test is a method of measuring the ability of a compound to scavenge harmful free radicals in vitro. However, it does not necessarily provide any insight into how that compound will behave in vivo.
And given that many antioxidants are poorly absorbed by the body and then rapidly excreted, many academics argue firms should view ORAC figures with caution and instead focus on establishing which phytonutrients and related metabolites actually gain access to appropriate cells in the body to exert biological effects.
Today two ORAC tests are available. One measures the ability of a substance to scavenge the peroxyl free-radical, and another measures ‘total ORAC’, which measures in vitro antioxidant activity vs all all five major free-radical compounds, including peroxyl.
Always read the small print
But marketers often use a 100g measurement “in order to falsely inflate their numbers”, she says.
“If you take the company’s claim of 1,700,000 ORAC units per 100g and change that to a per gram measurement, you wind up with a compound that has an ORAC value of 17,000 units/g, not so out of line with other botanicals and teas, and also not nearly as sensational.”
But we shouldn’t throw the baby out with the bathwater, she adds: “Just because ORAC has been manipulated in this way does not negate its usefulness as tool of measurement, or the basic understanding of consumers that something having a good ORAC score will offer some health benefit.
“Also it’s still the only measurement used by the USDA to classify dietary recommendations. Rather than throwing out this useful tool, the industry and media should discuss ORAC more accurately.”
For ORAC-15M, explains Klein, “We decided to include a polyphenolic measurement in addition to controlling for a minimum ORAC value so that marketers and scientists would have multiple focal points to discuss in relation to antioxidant capacity of the ingredient.
“We are now conducting a clinical trial for ORAC-15M to demonstrate its positive affects in the body.”
Click here to read more about the latest Packaged Facts report on products making antioxidant claims.
Click here to read about one leading academic's take on antioxidants.
Click here to get a consumer perspective from the IFT Wellness 2012 conference last month.