The use of daily multivitamins by older adults could save US government more than $1.6 billion in Medicare over the next five years, shows a new report, revealing some of the first good news about the supplements for some time.
Funded by Wyeth Consumer Healthcare and conducted by consultants the Lewin Group, researchers carried out a rigorous review of literature on the health effects of multivitamin use among adults over 65 years old.
"We were able to identify significant cost savings based on improved immune functioning and a reduction in the relative risk of coronary artery disease through providing a daily multivitamin to the 65 and over population," said Dr Allen Dobson, senior vice president and director of Healthcare Finance at The Lewin Group, speaking at a conference on multivitamins in Washington last week. "In my experience, finding any cost savings for preventive measures is unusual and finding cost savings of this magnitude is very rare."
The researchers analysed Medicare claims files and widely accepted Congressional Budget Office (CBO) cost accounting methods to determine the costs and potential savings from the protection afforded by multivitamin supplementation
Over the five-year period from 2004-2008, the study results show potential savings from a reduction in hospitalisations for heart attacks, as well as from a reduction in hospitalisations, Medicare nursing home stays and home healthcare associated with infection.
The preventive benefits of multivitamins on colorectal cancer, prostate cancer, diabetes and osteoporosis were not included in the cost estimation, however, because the researchers concluded that evidence currently available in these areas did not support a direct translation from health effect to reduced heath care use within a health insurance framework, they said.
Experts at the 'Multivitamins and Public Health: Exploring the Evidence' meeting also concluded that multivitamins are safe, affordable, cost-effective and accessible and that there is promising evidence supporting multivitamin use for theprevention of some chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease.
Meanwhile trial results published last week suggested that people who have been taking multivitamins for a long period of time could see a reduced risk of colorectal cancer. The researchers noted however that the vitamins had no effect after a short period of use.
The study, published in the recent issue of the American Journal of Epidemiology, shows that people who took multivitamins regularly from 10 years before the start of the study had an approximately 30 per cent lower risk of developing the cancer. Those who had only recently begun to use multivitamins saw no significant benefits however.
Previous studies suggest that multivitamin use may reduce colorectal cancer risk but only after a long latency period, reported the researchers from the Atlanta-based American Cancer Society. The authors, investigating the role of timing in vitamin use, examined the relationship between regular multivitamins (four or more times per week) and colorectal cancer incidence among 145,260 men and women in the Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort.
Current multivitamin use was reported on a questionnaire at enrollment in 1992-1993, while multivitamin use had already been obtained for a different study approximately 10 years earlier.
The authors observed 797 incident cases of colorectal cancer during follow-up from 1992 to 1997. After adjustment for multiple risk factors, they found that regular multivitamin use at enrollment was not associated with risk of the cancer, whereas regular multivitamin use 10 years before enrollment was associated with a 30 per cent reduced risk.
The researchers were cautious about the study results, calling it 'limited evidence' of the association between multivitamins and the cancer. They are also lacking evidence to determine the component in multivitamins linked to the protective effect.