A new National Center of Excellence in Nutritional Genomics has been set up to explore the links between diet, genes and diseases in minority populations.
The center at the University of California, Davis, and the Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute (CHORI) is supported by a five-year, $6.5 million grant from the National Center on Minority Health and Health Disparities, a division of the National Institutes of Health.
Nutritional genomics, or 'nutrigenomics,' is the study of how different foods can interact with particular genes to increase the risk of diseases such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, heart disease and some cancers.
Many of these diseases are especially common among minority populations. For example, African American men have a 60 per cent higher risk of being diagnosed with prostate cancer than Caucasian men. Half of all adult Pima Indians in the United States have type 2 diabetes, compared to 6.5 per cent of adult Americans of Caucasian descent. Genetics, diet, economic and social conditions, culture and behavior may all contribute to these disparities.
"The research we'll be doing in the Nutrigenomics Center is one of the first examples of taking the benefits of human genome research from the lab to the home," said Ray Rodriguez, professor of molecular and cellular biology at UC Davis and director of the new center.
Noted Bertram Lubin, director of medical research at CHORI and deputy director of the new center, said: "Just as our work on sickle cell disease in African Americans has broadened our understanding of blood disorders, I believe that focusing our efforts on minority populations with significant health disparities will give us the answers to better health for all Americans."
Diet can be a serious risk factor for a number of diseases, Rodriguez said. But in an individual, the exact effect of different components of food may depend on that person's genetic makeup.
"It's not a question of your genes being good or bad, but rather how they interact with your environment," Rodriguez said.
For example, a single letter change in DNA in people living in Scandinavia 10,000 years ago allows most Caucasian adults today to drink milk without getting sick due to lactose intolerance.
The center will seek to identify genes controlled by naturally occurring chemicals in food and study how some of these genes can tip the balance between health and disease, Rodriguez said. "Nutritional genomics will enable individuals to better manage their health and well-being by precisely matching their diets to their unique genetic makeup."
The director of the National Center for Minority Health and Health Disparities (NCMHD), John Ruffin, said: "Programs like the Center of Excellence for Nutritional Genomics lay the foundation for our nation's future efforts to eliminate the health disparities that plague so many populations within our country."
The nutrigenomics center will include researchers from UC Davis; Children's Hospital and Research Center at Oakland; Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute; and the Western Human Nutrition Research Center of the US Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Research Service. The Western Human Nutrition Research Center is located at UC Davis.